Argument-claim/opinionated statement/thesis--"misunderstood-quarrel"--facts/ popular beliefs can be arguments.

Types-2:Aristotelian/Regerian

Considering others' opinions also.

Persuasive words:must; terrible; strongly believe; totally--influence other person

Opinion:I think; so

Argumentative:While it may be considered as an invasion of personal freedom, scientists from the WHO have emphasized the benefits of outlawing somking......

Purpose: Identifying a position and clarifying the issue; Acknowledging and refuting opposite views; persuading the reader

Linear rhetorical style

consequently/ in turn

deductive-general to specific

1.defining the process essay

1.process? 

the task which are process everday.

task which are undertaken as a series of steps in a definite order.

they are very familar to us.

we re not very aware of the step we take.

the process essay:

2.categories:directive&infromative

3.purpose

2.important features of the process essay

.structural features:1.detailed steps in process. 2.arranged chronological. 3.step by step.4.uses features of description&narration&illustration 5.each step be given its own paragragh.6.transition words /phrasesare used between seps

u ,I ,u &i

3.the structure of a process essay.

3 parts:the intruduction:set out content ,controlling idea.

the body:meat of the paper.giving the precise steps to understand the process.the conclusion:summarizes the eaasy&remind the reader of important parts.

4.planning a process

what do u need to know,

make a list of everything u can think of 

divide this list into 3 distinct parts.

by dividing it into3 pts,u re indirectly choosing the three

creating a thesis statment

creating topic sentences

concluding

5.Tansitions

flow &voice

6.review& resources

The problem and solution

Defination-SPSE

Situation; Problem; Solution; Evaluation 

--Problem/ Solution-Most important

goals

interest; convince audiences solutions do work

show you understand the problem-sticking point [not work well]--problem/ solution

Good Solutions

implemented easily

effective at solving the problem

feasible

Cause and effect essay

demonstration of logic

will answer not only for 'why', but 'how'

specific cause leads to specific effect

Important features

focus what has happened before

research events-all causes

how happen

Be aware of fallious reasoning

chronology is not cause-effect

determine

1. linear causality--one cause one effect

2. domina causality--sequencial causal effect; indirect/direct; several causes[alarm broke]

3. cyclic causality--round; impact something else; final impact has an impact on the first thing; repeating; may happen same time[water cycle]

4. spiralling causality--like the cyclic; diff-bigger/smaller everytime[cold war]

5. relational causality--two things work together; balance/difference influences[pressure inside and outside]

6. mutual causality--impact each other; simultanious may be sequencial[barter with someone for sth you need]

non-causal relationships

Structure

introduction-body-conclusion

types

n-1;1-n;1-1

demonstrate of the total logic 

there is no need to persuade or present your argument (focus on logic)

Keys

transitions: 

--cause; reason; becauuse of; as a result of; as a consequence of; since; as result from; result in; due to; owing to; the effect of; the consequence of

Use of the third person

authoritative

Homework

A new guy, working as an government relationship intern, plays the role of assisting other official employees, whoes job includes searching information, shortening massages and reporting.

1. To keep track of relative policys, an intern should seek for latest message and pressed news on the basis of company's demand.

--Have a clear knowledge on the company's affair and other relative groups which have a bearing on the company, such as government agencys, NGOs and institions.

--Looking through their official websites daily can keep useful information from being ignored.

2. After collecting a salvo of essays, shorten them and conclude the most important parts.

--Reading all is beneficial for the fresh man getting a overview of recent events.

--Not only delating unnecessary words and detracting crucial ideas can be helpful, but catagorizing is a quick way to make things clear.

3. Reporting is the last but not least one step to finish the work.

--Make sure you understand who the report is for, when it will happen and where it is going. 

--A fluent representation is based on being familiar with your news and clear of the report logic.

The process essay

Direct/informative

Notice your audiences/readers

Important features

a. chronological--paragraph for guide line, with transition words

b. 'U' for informative; 'I' personal view

structure

introduction-body-conclusion

Transitions

Types: Flow/Voice

 HOMEWORK

The new club, besides my apartment, has brought with it quite many troubles since it built and I am really frustrated.Firstly, the music is too loud to keep myself working on my paper. I could stay at my bedroom listening to some music and studying a month ago. However, with the club's music, it is impossible to learn in my room. What's more, this club's quitting time is too late. I used to go to sleep at 11pm to keep efficient daytime. But I can't keep my sleeping schedule anymore because the close time is 2am which disturbs my sleeping time. Last but not least, various individuals could lead to safety issues. Campus should be a place filled with scholars, students and researchers as before. Nowadays, things have changed including unfamiliar persons coming because of the club.

Comparative Essay

compare-similar; contrast-different

Exercise: Would you prefer to marry someone you love or someone loving you?

Comparing -- period

--when occur

--what happened or changed

--people's work

--relationships

--value

--governments

--important people involved

--cause/ consequence/ later on

Comparing-- ideas

--about what

--originate time

--who create

--who use/ defend

--center focus

--apply to situations

--which more plausible

--scope broad

--evidence

Comparing-- art/ writing

--titles

--depict what

--mood

--form

--who create

--why be created

Comparing-- people

--from

--anthropologic characters: gender/ race/ class/ age

--known for

--relationship

--be like

--do what

--believe

--interesting/ intriguing

 NOTICE YOUR PURPOSE

Both WWI and WWII direct to large quantities of victims.

OUTLINE--Patterners

Block Format

Point-by point format 

Common Linguistic features

A slightly/ a little/ a bit/ not much

More or less

Problems_

notice gramma

notice structure

Homework

Thesis statement: Technology is isolating us

The first topic sentence: Entertainment is one area

Support 1: Addictive computer games

Support 2: Frequent social networking

The second topic sentence: Education is another area

Support 1: Information barrier

Support 2: Excessive copyright protection

Closing: We are being isolated by technology.

Writing Process

• Prewriting
• Writing the first draft
• Revising
• Editing

1.prewriting

1. listing(free listing-selective listing)
2. clustering /diagramming
3. outlining(thesis statement+selective evidence)

• set your first draft aside for a while
• work from typed or printed text rather than from your own familiar handwriting
• read your draft aloud
• add your written comments above the lines

(3)revising sentences

• Do I use parallelism to balance my words and ideas?
• Do I have a consistent point of view?
• use specific words ?
• Do I use active verbs ?
• Do I use words effectively by avoiding slang,cliches,pretentious language,and wordiness ?
• Do I vary my sentences ? 

• grammar
• punctuation
• capitalization
• sentence structure
• word usage
• spelling

writing skills

pre writing 1.slective list 2.draw a diagram 3.out line :thesis atatement

expository writing

*Not a story

*Not persuade

Logic order- (Apply for course)

Sturcture

introduction- important

body- explain/ build on intro

--There paragraphs

conclusion- basically everything

Connection-coherence

intro-body-conclusion-intro

Planning

purpose--write for what

audience--who read

pre-writing--support/ plan

purpose

relate to audience

--how will the audience respond

[inform/ persuade/ entertain]

Audience

reader

--who/ why

Pre-writing

points- most relevent/ outline

Practice-outline--3

Thesis

--Reality of modern education is decling

Subtopics

--Personal com munication happens online (teacher's teaching image/ classmates' connection through web)

--Digital materials (e-books/ digital diploma)

--Individual study plan (time/ place)

Video Sample

--more access to information

--a variety of ways to review

--directly contact their teachers

Process

Draft-ideas on paper/ planning

Revise-change

Draft introduction

component of introduction

1. opening-hook

2. background

3. thesis statement

With the advent of advanced technology, our society has changed in quite a few aspects, which include a crucial part of human life, education.With the advent of advanced technology, our society has changed in many aspects, which include the education way. Nowadays, online lessons are served as tutors of a great number of students. A debate has also been rose about whether the new teaching method makes education more unrealistic or not. As far as I am concerned, even though the content and structure of teaching stay the same, teaching loses its reality due to communication happening online, various individual study plan and access to digital material.

Hook

Historical- fact

Anecdote- personal/ brief

Surprising- challanging others' thinking

Declarition

Quote- stand out; remember purpose; not to long; who said; where he said

Background

Thesis statement-road map for your reader

Run-on sentences

Lecture 1 Understanding exposition.

【I.Key points of the previous lecture

II.Contents of the current lecture

III.New theoretical and practical material

IV.Exploration of a common problem

V.Review 

VI.Resources

VII.Next homework task】

this class

I.What is expository writing

informational writing

explain or show

critical thinking and research

not a story,not persuade ,only facts and reasons,and steps of a process

II.Organisation of expository essay

traditional expository writing patterns（types）:

exemplification举例

compare and contrast

division-classification essays分类

process essays过程

definition

cause and effect

 three parts:

intreduction:topic,sets out main/controlling idea

body:explains and gives evidence

conclusion:sums up and closes

III.Planning an expository essay

IV.The process of writing an expository essay.

V.The introductory paragraph

VI.Common problems

一个句子中有两个主句，并且无关系和标点。

使用连词使其具有关系

VII.Review

VIII.Resources

IX.Homework task

WritingSteps

1.Free Listing

2.Select Listing

3.Cluster(group things together)

4.Outlining at an essay level

5.Revising

Homework Task

Technology is isolating us

1. entertainment

--computer/online games

--individual KTV

2. education

--online lessons

--e-books

Closing: We are alone.

Prepare

Free listing (and select)

——Whatever in mind

Diagramming

——Subtopics

Outline

——With simple facts and ideas

Practice

The amount of privacy is little

--a. Sharing public place with others (unrelated) make phone calls

--b. Not able to change your clothes any time you want

--c. Everyone can watch your private belongings

Revising DRAFT

a. not revise immediately finished

b. type it

c. read loud

d. comments for the drafts

Revising CONTENTS

unified--supportes--organized

Lecture 1 of 1

Review

• What is exposition?
• How do we organise an expository essay?
• What is involved in planing an expository essay?
• What parts make up the introductory paragraph?
• What are "run-on"sentences and how do we avoid them？